ON THE EPHEMERAL AND ARBITRARY NATURE OF BORDERS
Nations have always had borders; though the nation-state is, to much of the world, a relatively recent imposition. With few notable exceptions, in the not-so-distant past, people organized themselves at a more local level, according to tribe or ethnicity, and paid fealty and taxes to leaders and made alliances, or wars, with neighbors. In some parts of the world, as the US seems to have discovered in Iraq, this is still how things are done. The notion of allegiance to a larger nation, or empire, is something which comes and goes with the tides of history- but one’s village, one’s tribe, one’s family, these endure and matter much more than distant political maneuverings. And as we see today, many tribes such as the Kurds exists across borders, and would prefer to draw their own. In this case, we remain beholden to the power politics of the nation-state, while giving lip service to the notion of self-determination.
China famously made an effort to secure her borders a long time ago against a persistent military foe, and not without some success. But did this security also entail preventing peaceful groups of people from entering and settling in China? Certainly not, as the presence of Uighurs and countless other minorities in Western and Southern China demonstrate. Rather, the national boundaries encompassed these people at a point in history when such things were being penciled on maps for supposed posterity, just as America was acquired in purchases between foreign powers and treaties negotiated and then betrayed; Africa was carved up like a cake, without the consent of the peoples who already inhabited those continents; the conquistadors arrived and demanded that natives submit to the Spanish queen. Submit to whom, where??? If Martians land tomorrow and declare the Earth to be their nation, it will be so unless we can defeat them.
So, firstly, it is worth recognizing that our national boundaries, as we know them, were not set without some considerable dishonor and lawbreaking themselves. The attitude that we have earned everything we have in the United States fair and square is, on the one hand, supported by the square deals penned by William Penn, and the hard work of the pioneers in sod houses; and on the other hand, dismissed as quickly the unfurling of a smallpox-laced blanket. Modern borders are arbitrary, and set by those with the power to take and hold territory by force; not given by God or sacrosanct.
Colonization and war redraws national boundaries at will; ask the Hungarians, the Turks, the Macedonians and Slavs. These examples, as well as India and Pakistan, Israel and Palestine confirms that regardless of who is living where, decisions taken on high can suddenly render entire populations refugees overnight.
And so, people move, like water; pushed by war, seeking opportunity and better life, they move. Some American Indians followed the buffalo. Many indigenous people, from Burma to the Amazon, migrate as a way of life and are only vaguely aware what nation they are technically in; and recently more have awakened to the encroachment and stifling embrace of nations and asserted their right to be left alone.
The creation of the nation-state has not generally stopped people from moving. Certain states, like the former Soviet empire, had a reputation for airtight borders. It was not until the disintegration of the Union, and the subsequent efforts of former members to enter the European Union, that refugees from Asia and Africa were able to make their way Westward overland with relative ease, since the UN Charter on Human Rights demands that nations accommodate refugees, rather then turn them back at gunpoint. Now the face of Europe is changing, much like the face of America is changing, to reflect the inexorable movement of people from areas where there is nothing but trouble to areas which have more resources to offer. And naturally, some of the people in the countries that have are not eager to welcome those who have not- in short, they do not seem to know how to share. Why, an elderly woman in Wisconsin once asked me, don’t they fix their own problems back in their countries? Indeed. One might also ask a number of questions connected to that one; namely, our nation’s role in those problems; or even more important, the viability of the current nation-state model for addressing the global problem of inequity which drives immigration in the first place.
It has long been an established fact that the world produces more than enough food for it’s population, despite its continued growth. The continued issue of hunger in our communities, and of starvation in certain areas of the globe, then is clearly one of distribution. One would not deny any human being air or water; these are considered basic rights. Yet for some reason, we fail to extend this status- of a right- to food or shelter. Aside from wars, in which we often play a role by providing arms or looking the other way as allied governments engage in ethnic cleansing, this is one of the obvious push factors that drives people to move; they cannot adequately feed or house themselves in their current communities. In the case of the US and Mexico, it is clear that a combination of our subsidized, mechanized agriculture and the free trade policies of NAFTA allow a massive dumping of cheap grain into Mexico which has eroded the ability of farmers all the way to Chiapas to provide for themselves. What becomes evident about the nature of borders is that, like the membranes of cells in biology, they are designed to be selective in what may and may not pass through. This makes sense when it applies to protecting the nation from ills such as crime and military threat; it makes less sense when it applies to the movement of people, which like water, will find a way when pressures and tensions compel and encourage them to flow.
Let’s focus on the issue at hand: the ‘invasion’, according to groups like the Minutemen, of Mexicans. What can cross our southern border? Goods, money, corporations and jobs; people with money; Africanized honeybees, and diseases like bird flu, along with the birds that carry them. What cannot cross our border? Environmental regulations, the $5.15 US minimum wage, labor protections, and a culture which discourages corruption and attempts to allow for social and economic mobility and for some semblance (however hobbled in recent years) of democratic representation.
If illegal immigration is truly a problem which somehow threatens our national security, the only solution which will be effective in the long-term will be nothing short of a Marshall Plan for Mexico; to strengthen their economy systematically to the point that people can live in their local economies without the need to give up their homeland, to risk sacrificing their lives and families for the almighty dollar. Until such a time, no fence will stem the tide, and our border will remain an arbitrary and unjust line in the sand, ultimately unenforceable because, as long as it attempts to deny people the opportunity for a better future, they continue to work to penetrate and circumvent it. Our current border is rendered meaningless by the timeless human struggle to provide, which has existed and will continue to exist as long as people inhabit the earth- which is longer than any nation, empire or border will last.
Told you I had a backlog.